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Showing posts from April, 2021

Quetta attack: Lessons for Pakistan

Pakistan witnessed a very significant decline in acts of terrorism over the past few years. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tc5v06

Misconceptions about talks

During the visit of Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on April 17 this year, some analysts and anchors of print and electronic media, including those of foreign and Indian media entities said that Qureshi would meet Minister of External Affairs of India Dr S Jaishankar who would be in Abu Dhabi for a day trip. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3e5ef3J

Competition in the Arctic

As strategic competition between major powers has once again become a reality of the globe, the jurisdiction of the battlefield has widened. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tgQMkN

Past in Perspective

“By the time you’ve made it to Bureau Chief, or Editor, or you’ve become a bigshot at CBS or something, the chances are that you’ve just got all this stuff (the beliefs, the doctrine, the glasses) in your bone – you’ve internalized the values that make it clear to you that there are certain things you just. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2Sj0J4j

The issue of Islamophobia

It is needless to emphasise that mutually-hostile sentiments between Muslims and Christians, the major religious entities and civilisations of the world, have always been there in one form or the other. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3xy21Zf

A possible denominator in the spread of Covid-19

President Trump held several dozen election rallies during his re-election campaign in states such as Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, where coronavirus infection rates were already on the rise. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3eJtC16

A real education debate

It is important that people everywhere are critical to the ways things are done in their own society and elsewhere. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3e1snLo

Past in Perspective

On September 20th 1990, the legislative chambers of both West and East Germany voted for unification. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3nAnmMU

The age of more

Becoming a therapist has changed my perspective towards many dimensions in life and I realised how the meaning of life has changed for me. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3t31jzA

5G warfare in Pakistan

Since its inception, Pakistan has confronted multifaceted national security threats and one such threat is the one posed by fifth generation warfare. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3xqv4hg

Invisible bio-force and ‘covidism’

The attack of the invisible force of ‘Covidism’ is worse than terrorism of all manifestations. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/32VNQiq

Past in Perspective

“That is part of the beauty of all literature. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3vpp9Hy

World Immunisation Week 2021

What stood between Saima’s children and their chance at getting immunisation against life-threatening diseases was the voice booming out of a handheld loudspeaker. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3eFwufc

The funeral pyres

The funeral pyres are burning brightly across India these days, as 300,000 daily cases and nearly 3000 daily coronavirus deaths are being reported in the official statistics. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3xsWumP

Arab Americans demand respect

This is Arab American Heritage Month and we are delighted that it has been celebrated by the State Department, dozens of state and local governments, and the Democratic Party. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3u0Mxe2

Past in Perspective

“I will pay for my loyalty to the people with my life. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3nrUyWS

Diplomacy: Playing a pivotal role

Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi concluded his vital marathon diplomatic journey to UAE, Iran, and Turkey, and international foreign affairs experts have reason to believe that Qureshi had two important points on his agenda and has successfully concluded his meetings in Dubai, Tehran, and Ankara. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3sV9mPd

Covid and A Level exams

#cancelcaies remained the top trend in Pakistan time and again, but still students wait in dismay and anxiety of how the events will really unfold. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tUtwtX

From ‘Rora’ to ‘Rori’

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is caught between the ‘Rora’ (large stone) and ‘Rori’ (smaller stone). from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3vn67kY

Past in Perspective

“[T]he people of this country [the United States] are distant from the troubled areas of the earth and it is hard for them to comprehend the plight and consequent reactions of the long-suffering peoples, and the effect of those reactions on their governments in connection with our efforts to promote peace in the world. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3gG36Ip

China’s South Tibet

The Indian border with China is divided into three sectors; the eastern sectors comprise of the state of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim, the largest disputed area of 90,000 square kilometers. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3nsnZZ1

Uniting the Muslim Ummah against Islamophobia

The Muslim Ummah is facing three major problems; the burning issue of Kashmir, Palestine and the mounting threat to Muslims in the form of increasing Islamophobia–a menace justified in the name of the freedom of expression in the West. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3dSXmcJ

The smart lockdown-II

Pakistan is moving fast towards a complete lockdown while pondering over its repercussions on the yet-to-take-off economy and the daily wagers. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3sLyPKI

Past in Perspective

“Every single empire in its official discourse has said that it is not like all the others, that its circumstances are special, that it has a mission to enlighten, civilize, bring order and democracy, and that it uses force only as a last resort. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3sLmN44

Abandoning Afghanistan

The two-decade long US Afghan campaign is about to come to a rather ignominious closure, if at all. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tKup8d

Violent extremism

Rampant religious extremism and sectarianism are wrecking Pakistan today. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ngjnFm

‘Trial of the Supreme Court’

The honourable Supreme Court of Pakistan is hearing Justice Qazi Faez Isa’s review petition. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ew1FK4

Past in Perspective

“I have always imagined that Paradise will be a kind of a library. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/32NLnGO

Agreement at stake

The US President Joe Biden’s announcement to start withdrawing US troops from Afghanistan from May 1 and the unconditional pullout of all 2,500 US troops in Afghanistan by September 11 to end America’s longest war has put the US-Taliban agreement signed in Doha, Qatar on February 29, 2020 at high stake, while creating a nightmare. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2QX0Gu0

Improving access to justice

Official figures estimate religious minorities in Pakistan at 3. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3aBjeam

A dose of reality

Desperation is when a single mother of three sprints across a hospital corridor in search of a ventilator to get her 4-year-old on life support. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2PgzGVY

Past in Perspective

“Books and all forms of writings are terror to those who wish to suppress the truth. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/32JG63a

Pakistan-India peace initiative

An agreement between the Director Generals of Military Operations of India and Pakistan marked the beginning of yet another round of peace talks between the two countries after a long gap. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3gubgUg

Leaders’ summit on climate

US President Joe Biden is standing true to his electoral pledges to rejoin the Paris Agreement and taking concrete measures with regards to tackling emissions of greenhouse gases. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ve08Pk

Peace or civil war: US withdrawal

The history of Afghanistan shows that whoever attacked or tried to occupy it, had always suffered heavily starting from the UK to USSR and now the US. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2QQG72o

Past in Perspective

“The world breaks everyone, and afterwards, some are strong at the broken places. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tJKBGX

‘How do I look?’

I recently saw a 20-year-old girl in therapy whose presenting issue was body dysmorphia causing anxiety and severe depression. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3v4Hx8g

Afghanistan’s future

Analysts consider it to be an unwinnable war that the US engaged in following 9/11. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tBNj0W

Why is vocational training neglected?

Last week, when I questioned the foundation of the Western education model, especially as regards practical and vocational training, and for pupils who are not academically gifted, a fellow alternatively-thinking educationist wrote about the same issues on the same day in the Norwegian leftist newspaper ‘Klassekampen’ (in English,. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3nasasb

Past in Perspective

“Nations are born in the hearts of poets, they prosper and die in the hands of politicians. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3dHgB93

Consistency and continuity

The musical chairs on changing the country’s finance minister continue, with the last one finding the door in less than 3 weeks! Sound economic management calls for consistency and sustainability and it baffles one to even think, let alone argue, on how such short tenures—four finance ministers in less than 3 years—can provide. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2P5olYK

Vaccine nationalism at its worst

As the end of April approaches, cracks in the global effort to fight the Covid-19 pandemic have begun to emerge. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3gqZaeH

A history of political splits in Pakistan

The Islamic Republic Of Pakistan has a history of ‘political splits’ which must be understood to fully comprehend the current power show within Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3n7n288

Past in Perspective

“A man of humanity is one who. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3grZcmk

Biden’s initiatives in the South Asian region

President Biden’s initiatives are focussed mainly on four of our immediate neighbours: China, Afghanistan, Iran and India. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3x65JJo

Remember this?

There have been many months over the years that are remembered for their turbulent events. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3aqkUDp

Crushed common man and the failed parliamentary system

It has been over 74 years since the founder of our nation Mr Jinnah gave the formative address to the newly constituted assembly of Pakistan. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3gq0a2n

Past in Perspective

“[T]he world is governed by institutions that are not democratic - the World Bank, the IMF, the WTO. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/32ukkAi

Economic security in a global context

“Apart from winning the war, there is no task facing society today so important as the elimination of economic insecurity,” wrote the famed economist Abba Lerner in 1943, as ideas of how to grapple with both traditional and non-traditional security threats were being considered in the precarious conditions of World War 2. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3soQvvy

Unfolding of events in Bangladesh

On December 16, 1971, Dhaka fell and East Pakistan became Bangladesh. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tv84eL

Babysitting Afghanistan

The decision to meet the agreed upon deadline of May 1 for the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan was ‘tough’ but not tough enough to postpone the drawdown completely. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3v7zEPL

Past in Perspective

“The history of America from the Incas to the present must be taught in its smallest detail, even if the Greek Archons go untaught. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3duGzMU

Quality cancer care, offered with dignity

Nearly thirty years ago, the people of Pakistan united behind the cause of building the nation’s first comprehensive cancer centre in Lahore. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3alAMHh

An allure of grandiosity

The British were the colonial masters of the Subcontinent, and to keep their subjects suppressed, they built magnificent buildings from the money of loyal, royal subjects, all over India. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3sv07F3

TLP: The long-term approach

Recent protests by the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP), and response by the Government of Pakistan, have laid bare our State’s inability to conceive and implement permanent solutions to the myriad of domestic fault-lines that run through our politico-religious diaspora. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3svMYeO

Past in Perspective

“If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tG08aN

Ramzan shines in Xinjiang

Despite the sinister western narrative of tarnishing the image of China against Islam and Muslims, Ramzan, the sacred Islamic month of fasting, is blossoming in Xinjiang as per the set tenets of Islam. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3gjjMFw

US-China contest for influence in Asia

The first high level in-person meeting amid US-Chinese officials under the new Biden administration had augmented tensions between the world’s two largest economies. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3mT4hoW

A poor country of rich people

One always wonders why a few countries are more developed and prosperous than many other neighbouring countries in the same region with similar geography, demography, history and resources. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3giaA4o

Past in Perspective

“Where globalisation means, as it so often does, that the rich and powerful now have new means to further enrich and empower themselves at the cost of the poorer and weaker, we have a responsibility to protest in the name of universal freedom. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2P1SUPe

PDM’s predicted split

PDM, an alliance of eleven political parties which came together to pull down the incumbent government—which they thought was selected rather than elected—and to restore real democracy in the country, has started to fall apart. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3x8pSib

A letter from Prague

Pakistan enjoys cordial relations with European countries because North America, the EU and the Middle East have been major components of Pakistan’s economic and diplomatic gains and investments. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3abxtm0

Is the western education model in crisis?

In my article last week, I wrote about the importance of primary and secondary education for all, emphasising that Pakistan still has a long way to go to reach that target. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3skrPUR

Past in Perspective

“Oppressive language does more than represent violence; it is violence, does more than represent the limits of knowledge; it limits knowledge. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2ORFx3R

Pakistan-India rapprochement

The sudden shift in the month of March 2021 not only captured the world’s attention but shocked the world as well. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ssvtfH

Veiled vulgarity

Recently there has been great outrage at our holier-than-thou Prime Minister’s statement where he insinuated how women dress has a correlation with increasing cases of rape and sexual violence in the country. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ga413J

In memory of my father Syed Alamdar Hussain Gillani

My father Syed Alamdar Hussain Gillani was born on December 12, 1919, 8th of Muharram, at his native house Pak Gate, Multan. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3dYdyrS

Past in Perspective

“The balloons only have one life and the only way of finding out whether they work is to attempt to fly around the world. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2QqdeKi

No accountability and hungry masses

Traditionally we do not believe in self and national accountability. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2Qr51FW

Can vegetables change the fate of smallholder farmers in Pakistan?

The rapid spread of COVID-19 has changed the world so suddenly and enormously that it will take some time to understand the impact of this pandemic on many food systems. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3mNHsmO

Rethinking economic equations

Amid all the wild swings in Pakistan’s economic policymaking over almost the past three years, one thing has remained constant, repeated experimentation where none was needed. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2Q4y95L

Past in Perspective

The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3mHEwYO

Mahmoud Abbas should step down

With all due respect to his years of service, it is time for Mahmoud Abbas to step aside. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/32g4CbH

Annual anchorperson awards

The TV and media around the world since the start of the New Year, have been buzzing with the glitz and the glam of various genres of the anchors and the actors’ awards. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3a6j1vC

Moving from inputs to output

Productivity is defined as the ratio between output over inputs (output/inputs). from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3mIeJzE

Past in Perspective

“The printing press did something really bigfor the world when everyone can hold booksin their hands and read. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/327pthF

Enforced rapprochement

There may be an ominous clash brewing up between Pakistan’s vital national interests and the dynamics of the international coercion it is being subjected to. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3dbPLWm

The great massacre at Yasin-1863

Yasin is located 148 kilometers from Gilgit. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3d6T9lg

Inside the box

Attired in formal clothes and sitting around an elongated expensive glass table, these nine ladies and gentlemen are the renowned brains of the country. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3mFWhaF

Past in Perspective

“Most of wars or military coups or invasions are done in the name of democracy against democracy. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3d6Yito

Kamyab Pakistan: Changing the ecosystem

When we established the country’s first Technology Incubation Center (TIC) at NUST Islamabad in 2002/2003, all of us, the pioneers, thought that by 2010, Pakistan would be counted amongst the few developing countries with a robust innovation economy. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3g1Mzhx

Modi’s letter: Felicitation or indication of defeat?

The current government of PTI has faced stern reproval from its adversaries on its bleak foreign policy. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3uFesQD

Daska: A by-election of egos

At the time of writing this piece, the polling process for the by-election in NA-75 (Daska), is underway. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3a1maga

Past in Perspective

“What is the purport of the levelling principle but to make the tenant as liberal a fortune as the landlord. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3a19hTl

Time and tide

‘Today’ is relevant only in the context of yesterday and tomorrow. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3uvpJTI

The Naxalite movement in India

India, dominated by politicians from the Hindi heartland, has been using brutal force mercilessly against any move to free Assam, Kashmir, Khalistan, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Manipur. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3s4Z4vl

The execution of Andrabi —25 years later

One of the darkest chapters of Indian judicial partiality was left hanging half closed and banging in the wind when Major Avtar Singh, the killer of internationally known human rights activist and Chairman of Kashmir Commission of Jurists, Advocate Jalil Andrabi, was found dead after he killed his wife and two children, and finally himself on June. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3sadWIF

Past in Perspective

“We must understand that democracy cannot work in a hot climate. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3myWrkc

Economic security within national security

The first Islamabad Security Dialogue (ISD) was conducted in mid-March 2021 with the aim of drawing upon national and international thought-leaders to discuss how Pakistan’s national security calculus should more accurately reflect the nation’s multidimensional and interrelated security challenges. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3fRGbtn

Hurting national interest

While the media and opposition parties in a democratic dispensation are supposed to act as watchdogs against the incumbent government—requiring an honest and objective evaluation of the government’s policies and constructive criticism aimed at path-correcting, it is an irrefutable reality that both of them relish the prospect of having. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3t4xSOG

Must education cost so much?

Usually, when I write about education, I argue that most countries should spend more on education, including Pakistan. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2Q7nt6j

Past in Perspective

Former British Prime Minister (PM) Margaret Thatcher died on this day, i. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3fUDAPt

PDM—a divided movement

There is hardly any good news for the people of Pakistan. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2PMOBHR

The victim who persecutes

A victim is usually someone who has experienced some sort of physical or emotional harm and deserves all the empathy in the world. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3tcLbg9

Patience and focus are key

It was after many years that I was meeting my mentor, a General who, back in the day, was a young officer and I a cadet. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3dEd0qY

Past in Perspective

“The truth is that neither British nor Americanimperialism was or is idealistic. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3wDXTGv

At least a spoonful of health, education

How many days in your life have you spent without any food? Or even worse: how many times in their life have your children spent the entire day without eating anything? Perhaps, we are too fortunate to have ever gone through such ordeals. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/31PAVhJ

Geopolitical alliances

The geopolitical dynamics of the South Asian region have been in flux for decades. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/31SCoE4

Amendment in the central bank act

A lot has recently been written about whether or not Pakistan’s Central Bank—The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)—should be given more autonomy and be made less accountable to the State’s oversight. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3wBKxuK

Past in Perspective

“Like most guys, I’ve always liked watches. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/39OAzfB

Constituency of the corrupt

The ‘constituency of the corrupt’ (C of C) is a new form of political alliance through which the corrupt manage to usurp power and then use it to their advantage. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3rS2MbD

Kashmir issue key to regional peace

Pakistan continues to pursue a foreign policy of peaceful coexistence with all countries particularly its neighbours and resolving all disputes through a meaningful, purposeful and objective cordial atmosphere. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3dRQivN

A challenged state

Like many other developing countries of the world with a colonial past and the clutches of old masters still in place through other modes of neo-colonialism, Pakistan too usually remains in the eye of political and economic storms. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3rVcFFr

Past in Perspective

“Smoking cigarettes is like paying to haveyour life cut shorter. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2Ptz3st

The more we change

Is Pakistan still searching for a narrative for its South Asia policy, particularly with reference to the Kashmir dispute? Or, has it already found the correct trajectory for its present and future foreign policy? Are we looking at a real time strategic shift in issues of our core interests or are certain pending core issues tactical in nature? Is. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3mkuPzb

Welcome gestures of bonhomie

Prime Minister Imran Khan responded to Indian Modi’s letter of felicitations on the eve of Pakistan Day which expressed the desire for cordial relations with the people of Pakistan, by saying, “The people of Pakistan also desire peaceful and cooperative relations with all neighbours, including India. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/2OjoJT6

Targeting state institutions

The Pakistan army started functioning with the creation of Pakistan. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3unnzFK

Past in Perspective

“The day that the Soviets officially crossed theborder of Afghanistan, I wrote to President Jimmy Carter: We now have the opportunity of givingto the USSR its Vietnam War. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3uoXeam

#ThinkFuture! Pakistan’s changing technology landscape

They say history is the best teacher and I have analysed many lessons of our history—the good ones and the bad ones. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ulaRHn

Grim reality: Corporal punishment

Some parents, albeit not all have gotten a sigh of relief after Pakistan’s National Assembly passed a historic bill banning corporal punishment for children, but the bill applies to federal territory only. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ulaVH7

Anti-Kashmir attempt via sugar diplomacy

Sugar is sweet but scientifically and medically it is harmful and termed ‘white poison’, and we found it as another way of hitting the cause of Kashmir. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3du9Hm9

Past in Perspective

“Art is a microscope which the artist fixes on thesecrets of his soul, and shows to people thesesecrets which are common to all. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3ue2tt8

Enforced rapprochement

The ceasefire between Indian and Pakistani forces astride the LoC in Kashmir; the resumption of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) talks, exchange of missives between Indian PM Modi and PM Imran Khan and the tentative resumption of bilateral trade have stirred up a storm in regional geopolitics. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3cLbjsr

HEC—what next?

Of all the amendments made to the Constitution of Pakistan, the 18th Amendment passed in April 2010 is arguably the most important amendment, and the credit truly goes to PPP and President Zardari—who willingly ceded his powers to the parliament. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3fBRJ3V

Addressing the housing deficit in a right way

Housing is the basic need of a family and the right of every citizen of the country. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3dswyhS

Past in Perspective

“Segregation is not humiliating, but a benefit, and ought to be so regarded by you gentlemen. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3mfyw9m

Ignorance is bliss

I remember writing about how we can take care of ourselves during Covid times back in 2020 as the world order changed and we all woke up to a world that to me at least makes no sense. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3cKOVj7

Population boom

Pakistan has failed to provide basic necessities—such as education, shelter, and healthcare—to its growing population of more than 220 million people. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/31FUclK

Learning to cooperate at school

I have in several recent articles written about the importance of cooperation rather than confrontation in all areas of society, at international, national and local levels, in politics, working life, research institutes, philosophical and ideological institutions, religious associations, and so on. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/31DqGwX

Past in Perspective

In response to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) that the United States of America is leading to this day, the Soviet Union made a security arrangement with Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria in 1955. from The Nation - Columns https://ift.tt/3fBt5QW